![]() ![]() Clotrimazole is very poorly absorbed following dermal application or intravaginal administration to humans. The disposition of 14C-clotrimazole has been studied in humans and animals. After intravaginal administration of 5 g of 1% 14C-clotrimazole vaginal cream containing 50 mg active drug, to five subjects (one with candidal colpitis), serum levels corresponding to approximately 0.01 μg equivalents/mL were reached between 8 and 24 hours after application. Only 0.5% or less of the applied radioactivity was excreted in the urine.įollowing intravaginal administration of 100 mg 14C-clotrimazole vaginal tablets to nine adult females, an average peak serum level, corresponding to only 0.03 μg equivalent/mL of clotrimazole, was reached one to two days after application. No measurable amount of radioactivity (≤0.001 mcg/mL) was found in the serum within 48 hours after application under occlusive dressing of 0.5 mL of the solution or 0.8 g of the cream. Six hours after the application of radioactive clotrimazole 1% cream and 1% solution onto intact and acutely inflamed skin, the concentration of clotrimazole varied from 100 mcg/cm 3 in the stratum corneum to 0.5 to 1 mcg/cm 3 in the stratum reticulare, and 0.1 mcg/cm 3 in the subcutis. Following topical and vaginal administration, however, clotrimazole appears to be minimally absorbed. ![]() Both these events began rapidly and extensively after addition of the drug.Ĭlotrimazole appears to be well absorbed in humans following oral administration and is eliminated mainly as inactive metabolites. In studies of the mechanism of action, the minimum fungicide concentration of clotrimazole caused leakage of intracellular phosphorus compounds into the ambient medium with concomitant breakdown of cellular nucleic acids and accelerated potassium efflux. albicans strain with considerable resistance to flucytosine and micronazole, and with cross-resistance to clotrimazole, the strain remained sensitive to nystatin and amphotericin B. There is a single report that records the clinical emergence of C. Slight, reversible resistance was noted in three isolates of C. Also, resistance could not be developed in chemically induced mutant strains of polyene-resistant isolates of C. pseudotropicalis in liquid or solid media containing clotrimazole. No appreciable change in sensitivity was detected after successive passage of isolates of C. No single-step or multiple-step resistance to clotrimazole has developed during successive passages of Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Only a single isolate of Candida guilliermondi has been reported to have primary resistance to clotrimazole. Strains of fungi having a natural resistance to clotrimazole are rare. Using an in vivo (mouse) and an in vitro (mouse kidney homogenate) testing system, clotrimazole and micronazole were equally effective in preventing the growth of the pseudomycelia and mycelia of Candida albicans. In general, the in vitro activity of clotrimazole corresponds to that of tolnaftate and griseofulvin against the mycelia of dermatophytes ( Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton), and to that of the polyenes (amphotericin B and nystatin) against budding fungi ( Candida). In vitro,clotrimazole exhibits fungistatic and fungicidal activity against isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum,Microsporum canis and Candida species including Candida albicans. ![]() The primary action of clotrimazole is against dividing and growing organisms. Clotrimazole Cream - Clinical PharmacologyĬlotrimazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that is used for the treatment of dermal infections caused by various species of pathogenic dermatophytes, yeasts, and Malassezia furfur.
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